江西吉水方言连－介词“做（伴）”的功能和语义演变

Similar with he or ken in Mandarin, ʦɿ^(31-512) (做) of Jishui dialect in Jiangxi functions as comitative, animate directional and comparative preposition as well as coordinator, which can be substituted by the disyllabic functional words ʦɿ^(31-51) p^hon^(512-20)(做伴), ʦɿ^(31-51) p^ho^(20)(做嘙) or ʦɿ^(31-51) te^(20)(做得). This paper explores the functions of ʦɿ^(31-512) as well as its disyllable and explores their semantic sources and pathway of semantic changes. It claims that the comitative ʦɿ^(31-51) p^hon^(512-20) originates from verb ʦɿ^(31-33) p^hon^(512) meaning accompany, and it is reanalyzed with tonal change in the situation where ʦɿ^(31-33) p^hon^(512) acts as the first verb with a prominent animate object of a serial verb construction. Then, on the one hand, the comitative ʦɿ^(31-51) p^hon^(512-20) undergoes erosion into ʦɿ^(31-51) p^hon^(512-20) or even into ʦɿ^(3-512), and the latter one constitutes a compound disyllabic with suffix te^0. On the other hand, the disyllabic and monosyllabic comitatives are extended into other situations with other kinds of verb where they are reanalyzed into animate directional and comparative prepositions. Simultaneously, the comitatives are grammaticalized into coordinators, when the two participants make similar contributions to an event and hold equal status. Then it reveals that cognates of the preposition and coordinator ʦuo(做) or its compounds spread widely around Jishui dialect in Jiangxi as well as some Wu and Hui dialects, and it is common for verbs meaning accompany to develop into comitatives and coordinators.